Method for modifying the surface of polymer materials

ABSTRACT

The surface of a polymer material is modified by adding to the material a block copolymer. The block copolymer has a hydrophilic polymer portion and a polymer portion which is compatible with the polymer material to be modified. The block copolymer can be easily syntheized in the presence of a polymeric peroxide and can easily and permanently modify the surface of the polymer material.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

(1) Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a method for modifying the surface of polymer materials by giving a hydrophilic property to the surface.

(2) Description of the Prior Art

Conventional polymer materials have surfaces having poor hydrophilic properties and high electrical resistance, and therefore they are easily charged in high voltage or are dirty by a slight mechanical action, for example, friction. Accordingly, their use field is very restricted. To obviate these drawbacks, it has been proposed to apply a surfactant to the surface of a polymer material or to knead a polymer material together with a surfactant. However, in this method, the surfactant merely adheres to the surface of the polymer material, and therefore the surfactant rubbs off the polymer material surface due to minute friction or to exposure to a highly humid atmosphere, or it is washed away together with water droplet adhered to the polymer material surface. As a result, the effect of the surfactant is lost in a very short period of time (Yukagaku, 14, 571 (1965) published by Oil Chemist Society; Engineering Materials, 13, No. 11, page 14, (1965)). In the latter method, the surfactant bleeds to the surface of the polymer material to make the surface sticky or to cause a blocking tendency in the surface, and further the surfactant remains in the interior of the polymer material and the effect of the surfactant does not reach the surface of the polymer material (Journal of the Chemical Society of Japan, Industrial Chemical Section, 68, 2209 (1965)).

Recently, it has been attempted to modify the surface of a polymer material by adding to the polymer material a block or graft copolymer consisting of a polymer portion having a hydrophilic property and a polymer portion having a hydrophobic property.

For example, Advances in Chem., No. 142, page 320 (1975) discloses a method, wherein an AB type block copolymer having a hydrophobic poly(N-lauroyl-ethyleneimine) portion, which is compatible with nylon fiber, and a hydrophilic poly(N-propionyl-ethyleneimine) portion is synthesized through a cationic ring-opening polymerization, and the resulting AB type block copolymer is added to the nylon fiber to give a hydrophilic property to the fiber surface. Further, J. Macromol. Sci.-Chem., A13(3), 401(1979) discloses a method, wherein an AB or ABA type block copolymer consisting of a hydrophobic polystyrene portion and a hydrophilic tetrahydrofuran portion is synthesized through anionic living polymerization and cationic living polymerization, and the block copolymer is added to polystyrene to give a hydrophilic property to the polystyrene surface.

However, the above described methods for synthesizing a block copolymer are ionic polymerization methods. Therefore, the polymerization reaction does not proceed satisfactorily due to the influence of a slight amount of water or metal ion which are apt to be incorporated into the reaction system during the polymerization step, or complicated polymerization steps are required, and hence the above described method for synthesizing the block copolymers are not suitable for industrial purposes.

Journal of the Adhesion Society of Japan, Vol. 17, No. 9, page 391 (1981) discloses a method for giving a hydrophilic property to the surface of polymethyl methacrylate, wherein a vinyl-polymerizable double bond is added to one end of the molecular chain of polymethyl methacrylate to produce a macromonomer, the macromonomer is copolymerized with hydroxyethyl methacrylate to produce a graft copolymer having a branch consisting of hydrophobic polymethyl methacrylate portion and a backbone consisting of hydrophilic polyhydroxyethyl methacrylate portion, and the graft copolymer is added to the polymethyl methacrylate. However, the graft copolymer obtained in the above described method, which consists of a hydrophilic polymer portion and a hydrophobic polymer portion, is very complicated in the synthesis method. Moreover, the molecular weight of the macromonomer must be kept to a relatively low molecular weight (number average molecular weight: 1,000-10,000) in order to maintain its reactivity for polymerization, and therefore the polymethyl methacrylate portion, which forms the branch of the graft copolymer, is an oligomer having a number average molecular weight of not larger than 10,000. Accordingly, when such graft polymer is added to polymethyl methacrylate in order to modify it, the graft copolymer cannot be always fully retained in the polymethyl methacrylate due to the low molecular weight of the polymethyl methacrylate portion in the branch, and therefore it is doubtful that the graft copolymer is permanently effective for modifying the surface of the polymethyl methacrylate.

As described above, the surface of a polymer material has not yet been fully and satisfactorily modified in an industrially easy method.

Bearing these problems in mind, the inventors have made various investigations and found out a surprising effect that, when a block copolymer consisting of a polymer portion having a hydrophilic property (hereinafter, referred to as a hydrophilic polymer portion), and a polymer portion having a compatibility with a polymer material to be modified, both of which polymer portions having been synthesized in the presence of a polymeric peroxide is added to a polymer material, the surface of the polymer material can be industrially easily and permanently modified. As the result, the present invention has been accomplished.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The feature of the present invention lies in a method for modifying the surface of a polymer material, comprising adding a block copolymer consisting of a polymer portion compatible with the polymer material and a hydrophilic polymer portion to the polymer material,

said block copolymer having been produced through the following first and second steps,

in the first step, either a vinyl monomer which forms a hydrophilic polymer, or a vinyl monomer which forms a polymer compatible with the polymer material, is polymerized in the presence of a polymeric peroxide or a polyazo compound as a polymerization initiator to produce a peroxy bond- or azo bond-containing polymer, and

in the second step, either a vinyl monomer which forms a hydrophilic polymer, or a vinyl monomer which forms a polymer compatible with the polymer material, both the vinyl monomers being used in such a manner that, when a hydrophilic polymer is produced in the first step, a vinyl monomer which forms a polymer compatible with the polymer material is used in the second step, and when a polymer compatible with the polymer material is produced in the first step, a vinyl monomer which forms a hydrophilic polymer is used in the second step, is polymerized in the presence of a polymerization initiator of the peroxy bond-containing polymer obtained in the first step.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The polymerization mechanism in the production of the block copolymer of the present invention in the presence of a polymeric peroxide as a polymerization initiator can be explained as follows, for example, in the case where a vinyl monomer which forms a hydrophilic polymer is used in the first step, and a vinyl monomer which forms a polymer compatible with a polymer material is used in the second step. That is, when a vinyl monomer which forms a hydrophilic polymer is polymerized in the presence of a polymeric peroxide, a hydrophilic polymer having peroxy bonds in its molecular chain is firstly obtained, and when the resulting peroxy bond-containing hydrophilic polymer is polymerized together with a vinyl monomer which forms a polymer compatible with a polymer material, the peroxy bond-containing polymer is cleaved at the peroxy bonds contained therein, and the desired block copolymer is obtained very efficiently.

In the thus obtained block copolymer, the molecular weights of the hydrophilic polymer portion and the polymer portion compatible with a polymer material can be freely controlled, and particularly, can be made into a molecular weight considerably higher than that of the block or graft copolymer obtained by a conventional method. Accordingly, when the block copolymer of the present invention is added to a polymer material having a compatibility with the block copolymer in its polymer portion compatible with the polymer material, the hydrophilic polymer portion of the block copolymer moves to the surface of the polymer material due to its poor compatibility with the polymer material, and modifies the surface of the polymer material; while that polymer portion of the block copolymer which is compatible with the polymer material is strongly catched by the polymer material, and therefore the block copolymer is neither rubbed off by friction in the polymer material surface nor flowed away by the water-droplets once adhered to the polymer material surface, that is, the block copolymer is free from the removal by external factors, and the effect for modifying the polymer material surface continues permanently.

The above described polymer material includes resin, fiber and rubber made of synthetic polymer and natural polymer, such as plastics, paint, fiber, film, cloth, adhesive, sealant, and further all materials made of polymer.

As the synthetic polymer material, there can be mentioned polyacrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polystyrene resin, ABS resin, styrene-butadiene resin, AS resin, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, chlorinated polyethylene resin, chlorinated polypropylene resin, polyamide resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, polyphenylene oxide resin, polycarbonate resin, modified polypropylene oxide resin, polyurethane resin, nitrocellulose resin, cellulose acetate resin, ethylcellulose resin, cellulose acetate butyrate resin, cellulose acetate propionate resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate resin, urea resin, melamine resin, polyvinyl ether resin, petroleum resin, coumarone resin, indene resin, phenolic resin, acetal resin, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, acrylic rubber, butyl rubber, polybutadiene rubber, polyisoprene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, polyacrylic fiber, nylon fiber, polyester fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyvinyl chloride fiber, polyvinylidene chloride fiber, polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyurethane fiber and polyvinyl acetal fiber. As the natural polymer material, there can be mentioned rosin, natural rubber, cotton, linen, wool and silk.

The polymeric peroxide to be used in the production of the block copolymer of the present invention is a compound having at least two peroxy bonds in one molecule.

As the polymeric peroxide, there can be used

a polymeric peroxide having the following general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R₁ represents an alkylene or substituted alkylene group having 1-18 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene or substituted cycloalkylene group having 3-15 carbon atoms, a phenylene group or a substituted phenylene group having 7-18 carbon atoms; R₂ represents an alkylene or substituted alkylene group having 2-10 carbon atoms, ##STR2## (wherein R₃ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R₄ represents an alkylene or substituted alkylene group having 2-10 carbon atoms, and m is an integer of 1-13), ##STR3## and n is an integer of 2-20, a polymeric peroxide having the following general formula (II) ##STR4## wherein R₁ and n having the same meanings as in the general formula (I); and R₅ represents an ethylene group, a phenylene group or an acetylene group,

a polymeric peroxide having the following general formula (III) ##STR5## wherein R₁ and n have the same meanings as in the general formula (I),

a polymeric peroxide having the following general formula (IV) ##STR6## wherein R₁ and n have the same meanings as in the general formula (I),

a polymeric peroxide having the following general formula (V) ##STR7## wherein R₁ and n have the same meanings as in the general formula (I),

a polymeric peroxide having the following general formula (VI) ##STR8## wherein R₁ and n have the same meanings as in the general formula (I); R₅ has the same meaning as in the general formula (II); R₆ and R₇ represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and p is an integer of 1-100, and

a polymeric peroxide having the following general formula (VII) ##STR9## p1 wherein X represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a chlorine atom, and q is an integer of 2-50.

The polymeric peroxide having the general formula (I) ##STR10## includes ##STR11## and the like.

The polymeric peroxide having the general formula (II) ##STR12## includes ##STR13## and the like.

The polymeric peroxide having the general formula (III) ##STR14## includes ##STR15## and the like.

The polymeric peroxide having the general formula (IV) ##STR16## includes ##STR17## and the like.

The polymeric peroxide having the general formula (V) ##STR18## includes ##STR19## and the like.

The polymeric peroxide having the general formula (VI) ##STR20## includes ##STR21## and the like.

The polymeric peroxide having the general formula (VII) ##STR22## includes ##STR23## and the like.

The vinyl monomer, which forms a hydrophilic polymer constituting one of the molecular chains of the block copolymer to be used in the present invention, includes radical polymerizable unsaturated carboxylic acids, such as (meth)acrylic acid (hereinafter, the term "(meth)acrylic acid" means acrylic acid and methacrylic acid), itaconic acid, crotonic acid and the like, and their alkali metal salt, ammonium salt and organic amine salt; radical polymerizable unsaturated monomers having a sulfone group, such as styrene sulfonic acid and the like, and their alkali metal salt, ammonium salt and organic amine salt; quaternary ammonium salt derived from (meth)acrylic acid, such as 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyl-trimethylammonium chloride; methacrylic acid ester of alcohol having tert.-amino group, such as methacrylic acid diethylamino ester, and its quaternary ammonium salt; radical polymerizable unsaturated monomer containing amide group, such as (meth)acrylamide; quaternary ammonium salt derived from amide-amine obtained from methacrylic acid and diamine; hydroxyesters of (meth)acrylic acid, such as (meth)acrylic acid hydroxyethyl ester and (meth)acrylic acid hydroxypropyl ester; polyethylene glycol or polypropylene glycol ester of (meth)acrylic acid, such as (meth)acrylic acid diethylene glycol ester, (meth)acrylic acid triethylene glycol ester and (meth)acrylic acid dipropylene glycol ester; polyhydric alcohol ester of (meth)acrylic acid, such as (meth)acrylic acid monoglyceride; phosphate of (meth)acrylic acid, such as mono(2-hydroxyethyl acrylate) acid phosphate; vinylpyridine and its salt; vinylpyrrolidone; and the like. Further, the above described vinyl monomer may be used together with other vinyl monomer so long as the resulting polymer does not deteriorate the function as a hydrophilic polymer.

The vinyl monomer, which forms a polymer having a compatibility with a polymer material to be modified and constituting the other molecular chain of the block copolymer to be used in the present invention, is properly selected depending upon the compatibility of the polymer with the base resin of the polymer material. As the vinyl monomer, there can be used, for example, (meth)acrylic acid esters, such as methyl (meth)acrylate, ethyl (meth)acrylate, n-propyl (meth)acrylate, isopropyl (meth)acrylate, glycidyl (meth)acrylate, n-butyl (meth)acrylate, isobutyl (meth)acrylate, tert.-butyl (meth)acrylate, n-hexyl (meth)acrylate, cyclohexyl (meth)acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl (meth)acrylate, octyl (meth)acrylate, lauryl (meth)acrylate, stearyl (meth)acrylate and the like; aromatic vinyl monomers, such as styrene, vinyltoluene, α-methylstyrene and the like; carboxylic acid vinyl esters, such as vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl stearate and the like; butadiene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, (meth)acrylonitrile, (meth)allyl glycidyl ether and the like.

The compatibility of a vinyl polymer with a polymer material to be modified is judged by a visual observation of a film of a mechanically kneaded homogeneous mixture of the polymer material and the vinyl polymer. That is, when the film is transparent, or when, although the film is not transparent, a vinyl polymer is homogeneously dispersed in a polymer material, the vinyl polymer is judged to be compatible with the polymer material. When a vinyl polymer is poor in the compatibility with a polymer material, the particles of the vinyl polymer are dispersed in the polymer material in the form of a visible particle size, and the mixture is a heterogeneous blend.

Compatibility of typical mutual polymers is disclosed in J. Macromol. Sci., C7, 251 (1972), and in Journal of the Adhesion Society of Japan, Vol. 17, No. 1, page 2 (1975). Some of combinations of a polymer material and a vinyl polymer compatible therewith are as follows.

    ______________________________________                                         Polymer material  Compatible vinyl polymer                                     ______________________________________                                         Polymethyl methacrylate                                                                          Polymethyl methacrylate,                                     resin             Styrene/methyl methacrylate                                  (for example,     copolymer,                                                   trademark: Acrypet M,                                                                            Polyvinyl chloride,                                          made by Mitsubishi Rayon                                                                         Methyl vinyl ether/maleic                                    Co., Ltd.)        anhydride copolymer                                          Polyvinyl chloride resin                                                                         Polyvinyl chloride,                                          (for example,     Polymethyl methacrylate,                                     trademark: Nikavinyl P1050,                                                                      Polyethyl methacrylate,                                      made by Nippon Carbide                                                                           Polybutyl methacrylate,                                      Industries Co., Ltd.)                                                                            Polychloroprene,                                                               Acrylonitrile/butadiene                                                        copolymer,                                                                     Ethylene/vinyl acetate                                                         copolymer,                                                                     Methyl methacrylate/ethyl                                                      methacrylate copolymer                                       Polystyrene resin Polystyrene,                                                 (for example,     Polyvinyl methyl ether                                       trademark: Styron 666,                                                         made by Asahi-Dow Limited)                                                     Ethylene-vinyl acetate                                                                           Polyvinyl acetate,                                           resin             Polyvinyl chloride,                                          (for example,     Polyvinylidene chloride,                                     trademark: Soarlex R-FH,                                                                         Vinyl chloride/vinyl                                         made by Nippon Synthetic                                                                         acetate copolymer,                                           Chemical Industry Co.,                                                                           Vinyl chloride/vinyl                                         Ltd.)             acetate/acrylic acid                                                           ester copolymer,                                                               Ethylene/vinyl acetate                                                         copolymer                                                    Polyethylene resin                                                                               Polybutadiene,                                                                 Ethyl acrylate/acrylonitrile                                                   copolymer,                                                                     Polyethyl acrylate,                                                            Polyethylene                                                 Polyvinyl methyl ether                                                                           Polystyrene                                                  resin                                                                          Vinyl chloride-vinyl                                                                             Polymethyl methacrylate                                      acetate resin     Acrylonitrile/butadiene                                      (for example,     copolymer,                                                   trademark: S-lec C,                                                                              Vinyl chloride/vinyl                                         made by Sekisui Chemical                                                                         acetate copolymer                                            Co., Ltd.)                                                                     Styrene-maleic anhydride                                                                         Polymethyl methacrylate,                                     resin             Polyvinyl acetate,                                           (for example,     Styrene/maleic anhydride                                     trademark: Stylite CM-2,                                                                         copolymer                                                    made by Daido Industry                                                         Co., Ltd.)                                                                     Polyester resin   N--vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl                                    (for example,     acetate copolymer,                                           trademark: Ester Resin 20,                                                                       Vinyl chloride/vinylidene                                    made by Toyo Boseki                                                                              chloride/acrylic acid                                        Co., Ltd.)        ester copolymer                                              Polyphenylene oxide resin                                                                        Polystyrene                                                  Polyurethane resin                                                                               Polyvinyl chloride,                                          (for example,     Polyvinylidene chloride,                                     trademark: 5740×1,                                                                         Vinyl chloride/vinyl                                         made by Nippon Zeon                                                                              acetate copolymer,                                           Co., Ltd.)        N--vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl                                                      acetate copolymer                                            Nitrocellulose    Polyvinyl acetate,                                           (for example,     Polymethyl methacrylate,                                     trademark: RS-1/2,                                                                               Polymethyl acrylate                                          made by Asahi Chemical                                                         Industry Co., Ltd.)                                                            Cellulose acetate butyrate                                                                       Polyvinyl acetate,                                           (for example,     Ethylene/vinyl acetate                                       trademark: EAB-381-2,                                                                            copolymer                                                    made by Eastman Chem. Co.)                                                     Petroleum resin   Polystyrene,                                                 (for example,     N--vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl                                    trademark: Nisseki                                                                               acetate copolymer,                                           Neopolymer 150,                                                                made by Nippon                                                                 Petrochemicals Co., Ltd.)                                                      Coumarone resin   Polystyrene,                                                 (for example,     N--vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl                                    trademark: TG,    acetate copolymer                                            made by Mitsubishi Chemical                                                    Industries, Ltd.)                                                              Indene resin      Polystyrene,                                                 (for example,     Polymethyl methacrylate,                                     trademark: VM-1/2,                                                                               Polyvinyl chloride,                                          made by Nippon Steel                                                                             Polyvinylidene chloride,                                     Corporation)      Vinyl chloride/vinyl                                                           acetate copolymer,                                                             Ethylene/vinyl acetate                                                         copolymer                                                    Acrylic fiber     Polyacrylonitrile,                                                             Acrylonitrile/methyl                                                           acrylate resin                                               Nylon fiber       Polyacrylamide,                                                                Acrylamide/acrylic acid                                                        ester copolymer                                              Vinylidene chloride fiber                                                                        N--vinylpyrrolidone/vinyl                                    (for example,     acetate copolymer,                                           trademark: Krehalon,                                                                             Ethylene/vinyl acetate                                       made by Kureha Chemical                                                                          copolymer                                                    Industry Co., Ltd.)                                                            Acrylonitrile-butadiene                                                                          Polyvinyl chloride,                                          rubber            Vinyl chloride/vinyl                                         (for example,     acetate copolymer                                            trademark: Hycar 1043,                                                         made by Nippon Zeon                                                            Co., Ltd.)                                                                     Polyisoprene rubber                                                                              Polymethyl methacrylate                                      Polychloroprene rubber                                                                           Polyvinyl chloride                                           Polyether rubber  Styrene/acrylonitrile                                        (polyepichlorohydrin)                                                                            copolymer,                                                                     Styrene/methyl methacrylate                                                    copolymer                                                    Natural rubber    Polymethyl methacrylate                                      ______________________________________                                    

In order to improve moreover the compatibility of the polymer material with the vinyl polymer portion of the block copolymer of the present invention, a vinyl monomer having a functional group reactive with the functional group contained in the polymer material may be copolymerized into the vinyl polymer portion having a compatibility with the polymer material.

Further, other vinyl monomer which forms a hydrophobic polymer may be copolymerized into the vinyl polymer portion having a compatible with a polymer material to be modified so long as the vinyl polymer portion does not deteriorate its compatibility with the polymer material.

The block polymer of the present invention can be easily produced by using a commonly known polymeric peroxide in an ordinary bulk polymerization process, suspension polymerization process, solution polymerization process or emulsion process. In this case, in the production of the peroxy bond-containing polymer, which acts as a precursor of the block copolymer to be used in the present invention, the use amount of a polymeric peroxide or polyazo compound is preferably 0.5-20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of a vinyl monomer to be used for the production of the peroxy bond-containing polymer, the polymerization temperature is preferably 60°-130° C. and the polymerization time is preferably 2-10 hours. In the production of the peroxy bond-containing polymer, the polymeric peroxide can be used alone or in admixture of at least two members.

The block polymer to be used in the present invention is preferably produced by using the peroxy bond-containing polymer as a polymerization initiator under a condition of a polymerization temperature of 60°-140° C. and a polymerization time of 3-15 hours. The weight ratio of the hydrophilic polymer portion to the polymer portion compatible with polymer material in a block copolymer is preferably 1/19-19/1, more preferably 1/9-9/1. A block copolymer having not more than 5% by weight of a hydrophilic polymer portion is poor in the effect for modifying the surface of polymer material, and a block copolymer having not more than 5% by weight of a polymer portion compatible with polymer material is poor in the compatibility with the polymer material, and it is difficult to maintain permanently the effect for modifying the surface of polymer material.

As the methods for adding the block copolymer of the present invention to a polymer material to be modified, there can be used a method, wherein a solution or dispersion of a block copolymer in a solvent is coated on the surface of the polymer material; a method wherein a block copolymer is mixed with a polymer material during its forming, or a block copolymer is dissolved in a solvent together with a polymer material, and then the mixture of the block copolymer and the polymer material is formed into a film; a method wherein a block copolymer is previously formed into a sheet, and the block copolymer sheet is pressed and adhered to a polymer material surface at a high temperature or is adhered to the surface by means of an adhesive; a method wherein powders of a block copolymer as such are welded to a polymer material surface; and the like. The addition amount of the block copolymer to a polymer material is preferably within the range of 0.1-20 parts by weight based on 100 parts by weight of the polymer material. When the addition amount is less than 0.1 part by weight, the effect of the block copolymer of the present invention does not fully appear, and when the addition amount exceeds 20 parts by weight, the characteristic properties of polymer material may be lost.

The block copolymer of the present invention can be added alone to a polymer material to be modified, but may be added to the polymer material together with commonly known surfactants, for example, anionic surfactants, such as alkyl phosphate and the like; cationic surfactants, such as laurylbenzylammonium chloride, trimethyldodecylammonium chloride, polyoxyethylenealkylamine and the like; and betain type and imidazoline type amphoteric surfactants. The use amount of these surfactants is preferably 0-50% by weight based on the amount of the block copolymer of the present invention. When the amount of the surfactant is larger than 50% by weight, the effect of the present invention does not fully appear.

According to the present invention, when a block copolymer is properly selected depending upon the polymer material to be modified in its surface, the block copolymer can modify effectively the surface of various polymer materials. That is, the block copolymer is very effective not only as an antistatic agent for various polymer materials, but also as an anticlouding agent for preventing the adhesion of water-droplet to food wrap films, agricultural films and the like. Further, the block copolymer is very effective as an improver for the adaptability of medical plastics to living body, as an improver for the adhesivity, printability, paintability and platability of the surface of various plastic materials, as an improver for the dyeability of synthetic fibers, and as an improver for the hygroscopicity of fibrous materials for clothing. In addition, the use of the block copolymer in the paint, kitchenware and the like can be expected.

The following examples are given for the purpose of illustration of this invention and are not intended as limitations thereof. In the examples, "parts" and "%" mean by weight.

EXAMPLE 1 (A) Production of a peroxy bond-containing polymer

Into a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged 90 parts of isopropyl alcohol, and while introducing nitrogen gas into the reactor and heating the reaction system at 70° C., a mixed solution (I) consisting of

    ______________________________________                                         isopropyl alcohol        30 parts                                              polyethylene glycol      30 parts                                              monomethacrylate (1)                                                           and                                                                             ##STR24##                6 parts                                              ______________________________________                                          (1) trademark: Blemmer PE 350, made by Nippon Oil and Fats Co., Ltd.           (addition product of 7-9 moles of ethylene oxide to 1 mole of methacrylic      acid)                                                                    

was charged into the reactor in 2 hours, and a polymerization reaction was further effected for 2 hours. The resulting solution was a transparent solution containing 23.1% of a peroxy bond-containing polymer and having a viscosity of 2.5 poises at 25° C.

(B) Production of a block copolymer

In a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser, a mixed solution (II) consisting of 100 parts of the isopropyl alcohol solution of peroxy bond-containing polymer produced in the above described Step (A) and 20 parts of styrene was heated at 70° C. while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor, to effect a block copolymerization reaction and to obtain a milk-white dispersion containing 42.8% of a block copolymer and having a viscosity of 1.2 poises at 25° C. The resulting dispersion was poured into 2 l of water while stirring vigorously the resulting mixture, to precipitate the copolymer, and the precipitate was filtered and dried to obtain the block copolymer.

(C) Modification of the surface of a polymer material

A mixture of 100 parts of polystyrene resin powder and 5 parts of the block copolymer obtained in the above described Step (B) was kneaded in and extruded through an extruder into a sheet, and the sheet was press molded to produce a sheet having a thickness of 0.5 mm. The sheet was free from both coloration and bleeding and had a good processability. As a blank, a sheet consisting only of polystyrene resin was produced. The surface resistivity and the contact angle with pure water of these two sheets were measured (measuring environment: relative humidity: 30%, temperature: 20° C.). The obtained results are shown in the following Table 1.

                  TABLE 1                                                          ______________________________________                                                            Surface Contact                                                                resistivity.sup.(1)                                                                    angle.sup.(2)                                                          (Ω)                                                                              (°)                                          ______________________________________                                         Addition of block copolymer                                                                         3 × 10.sup.6                                                                       50                                              No addition of block copolymer                                                                      5 × 10.sup.15                                                                      95                                              ______________________________________                                          .sup.(1) Measured by means of a surface resistancemeasuring apparatus mad      by Sanko Seiki Co., Ltd.                                                       .sup.(2) Measured by means of a contact anglemeasuring apparatus, type GI      made by Erma Optical Works, Ltd.                                         

It can be seen from Table 1 that the polystyrene resin sheet containing the block copolymer of the present invention is remarkably lower in the surface resistivity and in the contact angle than the blank, and the use of the block copolymer exhibits a distinctly excellent effect for modifying the surface of polymer material. Further, even when the surface of the modified resin sheet was washed with city water at 25° C. for 1 hour at a flow rate of 2 l/min, the above described effect of the block copolymer of the present invention was not at all deteriorated.

EXAMPLE 2 (A) Production of a peroxy bond-containing polymer

Into a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged 60 parts of methyl alcohol, and while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor and under a reflux of methyl alcohol, a mixed solution (III) consisting of

    ______________________________________                                         methyl alcohol           60 parts                                              N,Ndi(polyoxyethylene)aminoethyl-                                                                       60 parts                                              methacrylamide (n + m = 10)                                                    and                                                                             ##STR25##                9 parts                                              ______________________________________                                    

was charged into the reactor in 2 hours, and a polymerization reaction was further effected for 2 hours. The resulting solution was a transparent solution containing 35.0% of a peroxy bond-containing polymer and having a viscosity of 3.3 poises at 25° C.

(B) Production of a block copolymer

In a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser, a mixed solution (IV) consisting of 100 parts of the methanol solution of peroxy bond-containing polymer obtained in the above described Step (A) and 30 parts of methyl methacrylate was heated for 8 hours under a reflux of methyl alcohol while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor, to effect a block copolymerization reaction and to obtain a milk-white dispersion containing 64.7% of a block copolymer and having a viscosity of 15 poises at 25° C. The resulting dispersion was poured into 2 l of water while stirring vigorously to precipitate the copolymer. The precipitate was filtered and dried to obtain the block copolymer.

(C) Modification of the surface of a polymer material

In ethyl acetate 100 parts of polymethyl methacrylate resin and 5 parts of the block copolymer obtained in the above described Step (B) were dissolved, and a film was produced by solvent casting. The film was free from both coloration and bleeding. As a blank, a film consisting only of polymethyl methacrylate was produced. The surface resistivity of both films and that of the films after rubbing were measured. (The measuring environment is the same as that in Example 1.) The obtained results are shown in the following Table 2.

                  TABLE 2                                                          ______________________________________                                                               Surface                                                                        resistivity                                                            Surface after                                                                  resistivity                                                                            rubbing.sup.(3)                                                        (Ω)                                                                              (Ω)                                                ______________________________________                                         Addition of     7 × 10.sup.6                                                                       7 × 10.sup.6                                   block copolymer                                                                No addition of  5 × 10.sup.16                                                                      5 × 10.sup.16                                  block copolymer                                                                ______________________________________                                          .sup.(3) After a sample film was rubbed with a cotton cloth for 3 minutes      at an r.p.m. of 150, the surface resistivity of the film was measured by       mean of a rotary static tester made by K-oa Sh-okai.                     

It can be seen from Table 2 that the polymethyl methacrylate resin film containing the block copolymer of the present invention does not substantially change in its surface resistivity even when the surface of the resin film is rubbed, and the use of the block copolymer exhibits a distinctly excellent antistatic effect. Further, even when the surface of the modified resin films, before and after the rubbing was washed with city water at 25° C. for 1 hour at a flow rate of 2 l/min, the above described effect of the block copolymer was not at all deteriorated.

EXAMPLE 3 (A) Production of a peroxy bond-containing polymer

Into a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged 90 parts of methyl alcohol, and while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor and under a reflux of methyl alcohol, a mixed solution (V) consisting of

    ______________________________________                                         deionized water         30 parts                                               2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyl-                                                                        30 parts                                               trimethylammonium chloride                                                     (trademark: Blemmer QA,                                                        made by Nippon Oil and Fats                                                    Co., Ltd.)                                                                     and                                                                             ##STR26##               6 parts                                               ______________________________________                                    

was charged into the reactor in 1 hour, and a polymerization reaction was further effected for 2 hours. The resulting solution was a transparent solution containing 23.0% of a peroxy bond-containing polymer and having a viscosity of 2.2 poises at 25° C.

(B) Production of a block copolymer

In a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser, a mixed solution (VI) consisting of 100 parts of the water-methanol solution of peroxy bond-containing polymer produced in the above described Step (A) and 20 parts of methyl methacrylate was heated for 8 hours under a reflux of methanol while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor, to effect a block copolymerization reaction and to obtain a milk-white dispersion containing 42.5% of a block copolymer and having a viscosity of 0.5 poise at 25° C. The resulting dispersion was poured into 2 l of water while stirring vigorously the resulting mixture, to precipitate the copolymer, and the precipitate was filtered and dried to obtain the block copolymer.

(C) Modification of the surface of a polymer material

A mixture of 100 parts of polyvinyl chloride resin powder and 5 parts of the block copolymer produced in the above described Step (B) was kneaded in and extruded through an extruder into a sheet, and the sheet was press molded into a sheet having a thickness of 0.5 mm. The resulting sheet was free from both coloration and bleeding and had a good processability. As a blank, a sheet consisting only of polyvinyl chloride resin was produced. The surface resistivity and contact angle with pure water of these sheets were measured under the same measuring environment as described in Example 1. The obtained results are shown in the following Table 3.

                  TABLE 3                                                          ______________________________________                                                            Surface                                                                               Contact                                                                 resistivity                                                                           angle                                                                   (Ω)                                                                             (°)                                           ______________________________________                                         Addition of block copolymer                                                                         2 × 10.sup.5                                                                      45                                               No addition of block copolymer                                                                      5 × 10.sup.16                                                                     81                                               ______________________________________                                    

It can be seen from Table 3 that the polyvinyl chloride resin sheet containing the block copolymer of the present invention is remarkably lower in the surface resistivity and in the contact angle than the blank, and the block copolymer of the present invention is distinctly effective for modifying the surface of polymer material. Further, even when the surface of the above modified polyvinyl chloride resin sheet was washed with city water at 25° C. for 1 hour at a flow rate of 2 l/min, the above described effect of the block copolymer of the present invention was not at all deteriorated.

EXAMPLE 4 (A) Production of a peroxy bond-containing polymer

Into a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged 80 parts of N,N-dimethylformamide, and while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor and heating the reaction system at 70° C., a mixed solution (VII) consisting of

    ______________________________________                                         N,Ndimethylformamide    30 parts                                               methyl methacrylate     30 parts                                               and                                                                             ##STR27##               6 parts                                               ______________________________________                                    

was charged into the reactor in 2 hours, and a polymerization reaction further was effected for 3 hours. The resulting solution was a transparent solution containing 23.2% of a peroxy bond-containing polymer and having a viscosity of 2.8 poises at 25° C.

(B) Production of a block copolymer

In a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser, a mixed solution (VIII) consisting of 200 parts of the N,N-dimethylformamide solution of peroxy bond-containing polymer obtained in the above described Step (A) and 5 parts of sodium 2-methacrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonate was heated at 70° C. for 8 hours while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor, to effect a block copolymerization reaction and to obtain a milk-white dispersion containing 24.8% of a block copolymer and having a viscosity of 0.2 poise at 25° C.

(C) Modification of the surface of a polymer material

The dispersion of block copolymer obtained in the above described Step (B) was applied on an acrylic resin sheet by a bar coating so that a block copolymer film having a thickness of 8 μm would be formed after drying, and the applied dispersion was dried at room temperature for 2 hours and then at 60° C. for 2 hours. As a blank, an acrylic resin sheet as such was used. The surface resistivity and the contact angle with pure water of both the acrylic resin sheets were measured under the same measuring environment as described in Example 1. The obtained results are shown in the following Table 4.

                  TABLE 4                                                          ______________________________________                                                          Surface    Contact                                                             resistivity                                                                               angle                                                               (Ω)  (°)                                         ______________________________________                                         Applied with block copolymer                                                                      8 × 10.sup.6                                                                          45                                             Not applied with block copolymer                                                                  >5 × 10.sup.16                                                                        80                                             ______________________________________                                    

It can be seen from Table 4 that the acrylic resin sheet, whose surface has been coated with a film of the block copolymer of the present invention, is remarkably lower in the surface resistivity and in the contact angle than the blank, and the block copolymer of the present invention is distinctly effective for modifying the surface of polymer material. Further, even when the coated surface of the acrylic resin sheet was washed with city water at 25° C. for 1 hour at a flow rate of 2 l/min, the above described effect of the block copolymer of the present invention was not at all deteriorated.

EXAMPLE 5 (A) Production of a peroxy bond-containing polymer

Into a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged 90 parts of methyl alcohol, and while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor and under a reflux of methyl alcohol, a mixed solution (IX) consisting of

    ______________________________________                                         methyl alcohol           30 parts                                              polyethylene glycol      30 parts                                              monomethacrylate (1)                                                           and                                                                             ##STR28##                6 parts                                              ______________________________________                                          (1) trademark: Blemmer PE 90, made by Nippon Oil and Fats Co., Ltd.            (addition product of 2 moles of ethylene oxide to 1 mole of methacrylic        acid)                                                                    

was charged into the reactor in 2 hours, and a polymerization reaction was further effected for 2 hours. The resulting solution was a transparent solution containing 23.1% of a peroxy bond-containing polymer and having a viscosity of 1.8 poises at 25° C.

(B) Production of a block copolymer

In a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser, a mixed solution (X) consisting of 50 parts of the methyl alcohol solution of peroxy bond-containing polymer obtained in the above described Step (A), 60 parts of methyl alcohol and 90 parts of acrylonitrile was heated for 10 hours under a reflux of methyl alcohol while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor, to effect a block copolymerization reaction and to obtain a milk-white dispersion containing 50.6% of a block copolymer and having a viscosity of 4.5 poises at 25° C. The resulting dispersion was poured into 2 l of water while stirring vigorously the resulting mixture, to precipitate the copolymer, and the precipitate was filtered and dried to obtain the block copolymer.

(C) Modification of the surface of a polymer material

A mixture of 100 parts of polyacrylonitrile and 5 parts of the block copolymer obtained in the above described Step (B) was kneaded in and extruded through an extruder into a monofilament. The monofilament was uniformly wound around a polymethyl methacrylate resin sheet in two layers to produce a test sample. A blank test sample was produced in the same manner as described above, except that polyacrylonitrile alone was kneaded in and extruded through an extruder into a monofilament. The surface resistivity of the test sample and the blank test sample and that of these test samples after rubbing were measured under the same measuring environment as described in Example 1. The obtained results are shown in the following Table 5.

                  TABLE 5                                                          ______________________________________                                                                   Surface                                                                        resistivity                                                             Surface                                                                               after                                                                   resistivity                                                                           rubbing                                                                 (Ω)                                                                             (Ω)                                            ______________________________________                                         Addition of block copolymer                                                                         3 × 10.sup.6                                                                      3 × 10.sup.6                               No addition of block copolymer                                                                      5 × 10.sup.14                                                                     >10.sup.16                                       ______________________________________                                    

It can be seen from Table 5 that the polyacrylonitrile filament containing the block copolymer of the present invention does not substantially change in its surface resistivity even when the surface of the modified filament is rubbed, and the use of the block copolymer exhibits distinctly excellent antistatic effect. Further, even when the surface of the modified filaments, before and after the rubbing, was washed with city water at 25° C. for 1 hour at a flow rate of 2 l/min, the antistatic effect of the block copolymer was not at all deteriorated. It can be seen from the results of the above described experiments that the block copolymer of the present invention has an excellent effect for modifying the surface of fibrous material as well.

EXAMPLE 6 (A) Production of a peroxy bond-containing polymer

A methyl alcohol solution of peroxy bond-containing polymer was produced in the same manner as described in Example 3, Step (A).

(B) Production of a block copolymer

A dispersion of block copolymer was produced in the same manner as described in Example 3, Step (B).

(C) Modification of the surface of a polymer material

To 100 parts of an acrylic varnish for thermoplastic paint was added 1 part of the dispersion of block copolymer produced in the above described Step (B), and the resulting mixture, after its viscosity in Ford cup No. 4 was adjusted to 19-20 seconds, was spray coated on a polymethyl methacrylate resin sheet, which was previously washed with ethanol, and then dried at 60° C. for 1 hour to form a coating film on the resin sheet, which was a test sample. As a blank, a varnish consisting only of an acrylic varnish for thermoplastic paint was used, and the same polymethyl methacrylate resin sheet as described above was coated with a film in the same manner as described above to produce a blank sample. Both the test sample and the blank sample were measured with respect to the surface resistivity and the contact angle with pure water under the same measuring environment as described in Example 1. The obtained results are shown in the following Table 6.

                  TABLE 6                                                          ______________________________________                                                          Surface  Contact                                                               resistivity                                                                             angle                                                                 (Ω)                                                                               (°)                                           ______________________________________                                         Addition of block copolymer                                                                       3 × 10.sup.6                                                                        45                                               No addition of block copolymer                                                                    >5 × 10.sup.16                                                                      82                                               ______________________________________                                    

It can be seen from Table 6 that the polymethyl methacrylate resin sheet coated with a film containing the block copolymer of the present invention is remarkably lower than the blank in the surface resistivity and in the contact angle with pure water, and the block copolymer of the present invention is distinctly effective for modifying the polymer material surface. Further, even when the modified surface of the resin sheet was washed with city water at 25° C. for 1 hour at a flow rate of 2 l/min, the above described effect of the block copolymer was not at all deteriorated.

It can be seen from the results of the above described experiments that the use of the block copolymer of the present invention in a paint is distinctly effective for modifying the surface of a polymer material by forming a coating film on the surface.

EXAMPLES 7-14 (A) Production of a peroxy bond-containing polymer

A peroxy bond-containing polymer was produced in the same manner as described in Example 1, except that a solvent described in the following Table 7 was used in an amount shown in Table 7 in place of 90 parts of isopropyl alcohol used in Example 1, Step (A), and a mixed solution described in Table 7 was used in place of the mixed solution (I) used in Example 1, Step (A). The content (wt.%) of a peroxy bond-containing polymer in the resulting reaction solution, and the viscosity of the reaction solution at 25° C. are shown in Table 7.

                                      TABLE 7                                      __________________________________________________________________________     Example                             7  8  9   10 11  12 13  14                 __________________________________________________________________________     Solvent (1) (parts)                                                            Methyl alcohol                      90 -- --  20 20  20 90  60                 Isopropyl alcohol                   -- 60 --  -- --  -- --  --                 Toluene                             -- -- 60  -- --  -- --  --                 Composition of mixed solution (2) (parts)                                      Methyl alcohol                      30 -- --  30 30  30 30  60                 Isopropyl alcohol                   -- 60 --  -- --  -- --  --                 Toluene                             -- -- 60  -- --  -- --  --                 Polyethylene glycol monomethacrylate (3)                                                                           -- 60 --  -- --  25 --  --                 N,NDi(polyoxyethylene)aminoethylmethacrylamide (n + m = 10)                                                        -- -- --  -- --  -- 30  --                 2-Hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride                                                           --)                                                                               -- --  25 25  -- --  60                 Sodium styrenesulfonate             30 -- --  -- --  -- --  --                 Methyl methacrylate                 -- -- 60  -- --  -- --  --                  ##STR29##                          6  -- --  -- --  -- 6   --                  ##STR30##                          -- 6  --  -- --  -- --  --                  ##STR31##                          -- -- 6   -- --  -- --  --                  ##STR32##                          -- -- --  -- 4.5 -- --  --                  ##STR33##                          -- -- --  1  --  -- --  --                  ##STR34##                          -- -- --  -- --  4.5                                                                               --  --                  ##STR35##                          -- -- --  3.5                                                                               --  -- --  6                  Property of the solution containing a peroxy bond-containing polymer           Content of peroxy bond-containing polymer (%)                                                                      23.0                                                                              35.1                                                                              35.0                                                                               36.7                                                                              36.5                                                                               36.6                                                                              23.1                                                                               35.0               Viscosity at 25° C. (poises) 3.5                                                                               3.3                                                                               4.1 1.9                                                                               2.2 1.7                                                                               2.8 3.5                __________________________________________________________________________      (Note)                                                                         (1) Solvent used in each example in place of 90 parts of isopropyl alcoho      used in Example 1, Step (A)                                                    (2) Composition of a mixed solution used in each example in place of the       mixed solution (I) used in Example 1, Step (A)                                 (3) trademark: Blemmer PE 350                                                  (4) trademark: Blemmer QA                                                

(B) Production of a block copolymer

A block copolymer was produced in the same manner as described in Example 1, except that a mixed solution having a composition shown in the following Table 8 was used in each example in place of the mixed solution (II) used in Example 1, Step (B).

                                      TABLE 8                                      __________________________________________________________________________                                Example                                                                        7  8  9  10 11 12 13 14                             __________________________________________________________________________     Composition of                                                                           Peroxy bond-containing polymer                                                                  100                                                                               100                                                                               100                                                                               100                                                                               100                                                                               100                                                                               100                                                                               100                            mixed solution.sup.(1)                                                                   solution                                                             (parts)   Styrene          -- 30 --  20                                                                               -- --  20                                                                               --                                       Methyl methacrylate                                                                              20                                                                               -- -- --  20                                                                                20                                                                               --  20                                      2-Hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyl-                                                                 -- --  20                                                                               -- -- -- -- --                                       trimethylammonium chloride                                           Property of the                                                                          Content of block copolymer (%)                                                                  42.7                                                                              64.5                                                                              54.8                                                                              56.3                                                                              56.7                                                                              56.6                                                                              42.3                                                                              54.7                           resulting dispersion                                                                     Viscosity at 25° C. (poises)                                                              1.6                                                                              12  8.5                                                                               4.5                                                                               5.8                                                                               5.4                                                                               1.2                                                                               7.2                           containing a block                                                             copolymer                                                                      __________________________________________________________________________      (Note)                                                                         .sup.(1) Composition of a mixed solution used in each example in place of      the mixed solution (II) used in Example 1, Step (B).                     

(C) Modification of the surface of a polymer material

Test samples of Examples 7-12 and 14 were produced in the same manner as described in Example 1, Step (C), except that 100 parts of a polymer material shown in the following Table 9 was used in place of 100 parts of the polystyrene resin used in Example 1, Step (C), and a block copolymer produced in the above described Step (B) was used in an amount shown in Table 9 in place of 5 parts of the block copolymer used in Example 1, Step (C). A test sample of Example 13 was produced in the same manner as described in Example 2, Step (C), except that 100 parts of a polymer material shown in Table 9 was used in place of 100 parts of the polymethyl methacrylate resin used in Example 2, Step (C) and a block copolymer produced in the above described Step (B) was dissolved in ethyl cellosolve, the amount of the block copolymer being shown in Table 9, in place of dissolving 5 parts of a block copolymer in ethyl acetate in Example 2, Step (C). The measuring method for the property of the surface of the test sample of the measuring environment are same as those described in Examples 1 and 2. The obtained results are shown in Table 9.

                                      TABLE 9                                      __________________________________________________________________________                            Example                                                                        7    8    9    10   11   12   13   14                   __________________________________________________________________________     Polymer                                                                               Polystyrene resin.sup.(1)                                                                      --   100  --   100  --   --   100  --                   material                                                                              Polymethyl methacrylate resin.sup.(2)                                                          100  --   100  --   --   100  --   --                   (parts)                                                                               Polyvinyl chloride resin.sup.(3)                                                               --   --   --   --   100  --   --   100                  Block copolymer (parts)                                                                                5   5     10  10    5    3    3    3                   Property of                                                                           Surface resistivity (Ω)                                                                  6 × 10.sup.6                                                                  5 × 10.sup.6                                                                  5 × 10.sup.6                                                                  3 × 10.sup.6                                                                  5 × 10.sup.6                                                                  7 × 10.sup.7                                                                  8 × 10.sup.6                                                                  3 ×                                                                      10.sup.6             the modified                                                                          Surface resistivity                                                                            --   --   5 × 10.sup.9                                                                  --   --   --   --   --                   surface of                                                                            after rubbing (Ω )                                                polymer                                                                               Contact angle with                                                                             56    60  --   58    42   55  65    55                  material                                                                              pure water (°)                                                   __________________________________________________________________________      (Note)                                                                         .sup.(1) The same polystyrene resin as used in Example 1, Step (C)             .sup.(2) The same polymethyl methacrylate resin as used in Example 2, Ste      (C)                                                                            .sup.(3) The same polyvinyl chloride resin as used in Example 3, Step (C)

As seen from Table 9, when a polymer material is modified by using the block copolymer of the present invention, the modified polymer material has a surface resistivity, a surface resistivity after rubbing and a contact angle with pure water remarkably lower than those of a blank, and the block copolymer of the present invention is distinctly effective for modifying the surface of polymer material. Further, even when the surface of the modified polymer material was washed with city water at 25° C. for 1 hour at a flow rate of 2 l/min, the above described effect of the block copolymer was not at all deteriorated.

EXAMPLE 15 (A) Production of an azo bond-containing polymer

Into a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged 90 parts of N,N-dimethylformamide, and while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor and heating the reaction system at 70° C., a mixed solution (XI) consisting of

    __________________________________________________________________________     N,Ndimethylformamide                      30 parts                             polyethylene glycol monomethacrylate (trademark: Blemmer PE                                                              30 parts                             and                                                                             ##STR36##                                 8 parts                             __________________________________________________________________________

was charged into the reactor in 2 hours, and a polymerization reaction was further effected for 2 hours. The resulting solution was a transparent solution containing 23.8% of an azo bond-containing polymer and having a viscosity of 2.3 poises at 25° C.

(B) Production of a block copolymer

In a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser, a mixed solution (XII) consisting of 50 parts of the N,N-dimethylformamide solution of azo bond-containing polymer obtained in the above described Step (A), 80 parts of methyl alcohol and 70 parts of methyl methacrylate was heated at 70° C. for 10 hours while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor, to effect a block copolymerization reaction and to obtain a milk-white dispersion containing 40.8% of a block copolymer and having a viscosity of 2.0 poises at 25° C. The resulting dispersion was poured into 2 l of water while stirring vigorously the resulting mixture, to precipitate the copolymer, and then the precipitate was filtered and dried to obtain the block copolymer.

(C) Modification of the surface of a polymer material

A mixture of 100 parts of polymethyl methacrylate resin and 5 parts of the block copolymer obtained in the above described Step (B) was kneaded in and extruded through an extruder into a sheet, and the sheet was further press molded into a sheet having a thickness of 0.5 mm. The sheet was free from both coloration and bleeding and had a good processability. As a blank, a sheet consisting only of polymethyl methacrylate resin was produced. The surface resistivity and the contact angle with pure water of the sample sheet and the blank were measured (measuring environment: relative humidity: 30%, temperature: 20° C.). The obtained results are shown in the following Table 10.

                  TABLE 10                                                         ______________________________________                                                            Surface                                                                               Contact                                                                 resistivity                                                                           angle                                                                   (Ω)                                                                             (°)                                           ______________________________________                                         Addition of block copolymer                                                                         3 × 10.sup.6                                                                      40                                               No addition of block copolymer                                                                      .sup. 5 × 10.sup.15                                                               80                                               ______________________________________                                    

It can be seen from Table 10 that the polymethyl methacrylate resin sheet containing the block copolymer of the present invention is remarkably lower in the surface resisitivity and in the contact angle than the blank, and the block copolymer of the present invention is distinctly effective for modifying the surface of polymer material. Further, even when the surface of the modified resin sheet was washed with city water at 25° C. for 1 hour at a flow rate of 2 l/min, the above described effect of the block copolymer of the present invention was not at all deteriorated.

EXAMPLE 16 (A) Production of a peroxy bond-containing polymer

Into a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged 90 parts of methyl cellosolve, and while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor and heating the reaction system at 70° C., a mixed solution (XIII) consisting of

    ______________________________________                                         methyl cellosolve        30 parts                                              polyethylene glycol monomethyl                                                                          30 parts                                              methacrylate                                                                   (trademark: Blemmer PE 90)                                                     and                                                                             ##STR37##                6 parts                                              ______________________________________                                    

was charged into the reactor in 2 hours, and a polymerization reaction was further effected for 2 hours. The resulting solution was a transparent solution containing 22.5% of a peroxy bond-containing polymer and having a viscosity of 1.5 poises at 25° C.

(B) Production of a block copolymer

In a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser, a mixed solution (XIV) consisting of 100 parts of the methyl cellosolve solution of peroxy bond-containing polymer obtained in the above described Step (A), 100 parts of water and 40 parts of butyl acrylate was heated at 70° C. for 6 hours while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor, to effect a block copolymerization reaction and to obtain a milk-white dispersion containing 26.5% of a block copolymer and having a viscosity of 0.5 poise at 25° C.

(C) Modification of the surface of a polymer material

A mixture of 100 parts of an acrylic emulsion varnish (solid resin content: 50%) for thermoplastic emulsion paint and 3 parts of the dispersion of block copolymer obtained in the above described Step (B) was roll coated on a polymethyl methacrylate resin sheet, which was previously washed with ethanol, and then dried at 60° C. for 1 hour. As a blank, a varnish consisting only of the acrylic emulsion varnish for thermoplastic emulsion paint was roll coated on the same polymethyl methacrylate resin sheet as described above, and then dried at 60° C. for 1 hour. The surface resistivity and the contact angle with pure water of both the test sample and the blank were measured under the same measuring environment as described in Example 1. The obtained results are shown in the following Table 11.

                  TABLE 11                                                         ______________________________________                                                          Surface  Contact                                                               resistivity                                                                             angle                                                                 (Ω)                                                                               (°)                                           ______________________________________                                         Addition of block copolymer                                                                       5 × 10.sup.6                                                                        48                                               No addition of block copolymer                                                                    >5 × 10.sup.16                                                                      85                                               ______________________________________                                    

It can be seen from Table 11 that the polymethyl methacrylate resin sheet having a coating film containing the block copolymer of the present invention is remarkably lower in the surface resistivity and in the contact angle than the blank, and the block copolymer is distinctly effective for modifying the surface of polymer material. Further, in the washing of the resin sheet surface, which had been coated with the film containing the block copolymer, with city water at 25° C. for 1 hour at a flow rate of 2 l/min, the above described effect of the block copolymer was not at all deteriorated.

It is clear from the results of the above described experiment that the use of the block copolymer of the present invention in a varnish is distinctly effective for modifying the surface of a polymer material by forming a coating film on the surface.

EXAMPLE 17 (A) Production of a peroxy bond-containing polymer

Into a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged 90 parts of ethyl cellosolve, and while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor and heating the reaction system at 70° C., a mixed solution (XV) consisting of

    ______________________________________                                         ethyl Cellosolve          30    parts                                          polyethylene glycol monomethacrylate                                                                     30    parts                                          (trademark: Blemmer PE 350)                                                    and                                                                             ##STR38##                6     parts                                          ______________________________________                                    

was charged into the reactor in 2 hours, and a polymerization reaction further was effected for 2 hours. The resulting solution was a transparent solution containing 22.9% of a peroxy bond-containing polymer and having a viscosity of 2.0 poises at 25° C.

(B) Production of a block copolymer

In a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser, a mixed solution (XVI) consisting of 100 parts of the ethyl cellosolve solution of peroxy bond-containing polymer obtained in the above described Step (A), 50 parts of ethyl cellosolve, 38 parts of methyl methacrylate and 2 parts of N-methylolacrylamide was heated at 75° C. for 6 hours while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor, to effect a block copolymerization reaction and to obtain a semitransparent solution containing 32.8% of a block copolymer and having a viscosity of 3.5 poises at 25° C.

(C) Modification of the surface of a polymer material

The solution of block copolymer obtained in the above described Step (B) was diluted with water to produce a dispersion containing 10%, calculated as a solid, of the block copolymer in water-ethyl cellosolve. A cotton cloth was immersed in the dispersion for 30 seconds, and then the cotton cloth was taken out from the dispersion, squeezed in a pick up of 80% between two rubber rollers, dried at 70° C. for 3 minutes, and then heat treated at 150° C. for 30 minutes. The surface resistivity of the cotton cloth treated with the dispersion containing the block copolymer and that of the dispersion-treated cotton cloth after washing were measured under the same measuring environment as described in Example 1. The obtained results are shown in the following Table 12.

                  TABLE 12                                                         ______________________________________                                                               Surface                                                                        resistivity                                                             Surface                                                                               after 50 times                                                          resistivity                                                                           of washing.sup.(1)                                                      (Ω)                                                                             (Ω)                                                ______________________________________                                         Immersed in block                                                                               8 × 10.sup.6                                                                      8 × 10.sup.6                                   copolymer dispersion                                                           Not immersed in block                                                                           5 × 10.sup.14                                                                     >5 × 10.sup.16                                 copolymer dispersion                                                           ______________________________________                                          .sup.(1) Washing condition: 100 parts of a cotton cloth is washed in a         mixture of 3.5 parts of a nonionic detergent and 3,500 parts of city wate      at 50° C. for 10 minutes by means of an electric washing machine,       washed with water and dried.                                             

It can be seen from Table 12 that the cotton cloth treated with the block copolymer of the present invention is not substantially changed in its surface resistivity even by as large as 50 times of washing, and the block copolymer of the present invention exhibits a remarkably excellent antistatic effect.

EXAMPLE 18 (A) Production of a peroxy bond-containing polymer

Into a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged 60 parts of methyl alcohol, and while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor and under a reflux of methyl alcohol, a mixed solution (XVII) consisting of

    ______________________________________                                         methyl alcohol            30    parts                                          deionized water           30    parts                                          2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyl-                                                                          15    parts                                          trimethylammonium chloride                                                     (trademark: Blemmer QA)                                                        polyethylene glycol monomethacrylate.sup.1                                                               15    parts                                          and                                                                             ##STR39##                6     parts                                          ______________________________________                                          .sup.1 trademark: Blemmer PE 200, made by Nippon Oil and Fats Co., Ltd.        (addition product of 4-5 moles of ethylene oxide to 1 mole of methacrylic      acid)                                                                    

was charged into the reactor in 1 hour, and a polymerization reaction was further effected for 2 hours. The resulting solution was a transparent solution containing 23.0% of a peroxy bond-containing polymer and having a viscosity of 2.5 poises at 25° C.

(B) Production of a block copolymer

In a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser, a mixed solution (XVIII) consisting of 100 parts of the water-methyl alcohol solution of peroxy bond-containing polymer obtained in the above described Step (A) and 20 parts of methyl methacrylate was heated for 8 hours under a reflux of methyl alcohol while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor, to effect a block copolymerization reaction and to obtain a milk-white dispersion containing 42.5% of a block copolymer and having a viscosity of 0.5 poise at 25° C. The resulting dispersion was poured into 2 l of water while stirring vigorously the resulting mixture, to precipitate the copolymer, and then the precipitate was filtered and dried to obtain the block copolymer.

(C) Modification of the surface of a polymer material

A mixture of 100 parts of polyisoprene rubber and 5 parts of the block copolymer obtained in the above described Step (B) was kneaded in a mill and then formed into a sheet having a thickness of 1 mm. The sheet was free from both coloration and bleeding and had a good processability. As a blank, a sheet consisting only of polyisoprene rubber was produced. The surface resistivity of a sample sheet and a blank, and that of these sheets after rubbing were measured under the same measuring environment as described in Example 1. The obtained results are shown in the following Table 13.

                  TABLE 13                                                         ______________________________________                                                                   Surface                                                                        resistivity                                                             Surface                                                                               after                                                                   resistivity                                                                           rubbing                                                                 (Ω)                                                                             (Ω)                                            ______________________________________                                         Addition of block copolymer                                                                         6 × 10.sup.6                                                                      6 × 10.sup.6                               No addition of block copolymer                                                                      3 × 10.sup.14                                                                     5 × 10.sup.16                              ______________________________________                                    

It can be seen from Table 13 that the polyisoprene rubber sheet containing the block copolymer of the present invention does not substantially change in its surface resistivity even in the rubbing of the surface, and the block copolymer exhibits remarkably excellent antistatic effect. Further, even when the surface of the modified rubber sheet was washed with city water at 25° C. for 1 hour at a flow rate of 2 l/min, the above described effect of the block copolymer was not at all deteriorated. Accordingly, it can be seen that the effect of the block copolymer of the present invention is also effective for polyisoprene series rubbers.

EXAMPLE 19 (A) Production of a peroxy bond-containing polymer

Into a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser were charged 30 parts of methyl Cellosolve and 30 parts of deionized water, and while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor and heating the reaction system at 75° C., a mixed solution (XIX) consisting of

    ______________________________________                                         methyl Cellosolve         30    parts                                          deionized water           30    parts                                          sodium 2-methacrylamide-2-                                                                               15    parts                                          methylpropanesulfonate                                                         2-hydroxyethyl acrylate   15    parts                                          and                                                                             ##STR40##                8     parts                                          ______________________________________                                    

was charged into the reactor in 1 hour, and a polymerization reaction was further effected for 2 hours. The resulting solution was a semitransparent solution containing 22.8% of a peroxy bond-containing polymer and having a viscosity of 3.0 poises at 25° C.

(B) Production of a block copolymer

Into a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged in 1 hour a mixed solution (XX) consisting of 100 parts of the water-methyl cellosolve solution of peroxy bond-containing polymer obtained in the above described Step (A), 10 parts of acrylamide and 10 parts of N,N-butoxymethylacrylamide, and then heated at 75° C. for 8 hours while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor, to effect a block copolymerization reaction and to obtain a milk-white dispersion containing 42.3% of a block copolymer and having a viscosity of 1 poise at 25° C. The resulting dispersion was poured into 2 l of diethyl ether while stirring vigorously the resulting mixture, to precipitate the copolymer, and the precipitate was filtered and dried to obtain the block copolymer.

(C) Modification of the surface of a polymer material

A mixture of 100 parts of polyamide and 3 parts of the block copolymer obtained in the above described Step (B) was kneaded in and extruded through an extruder into a monofilament. The monofilament was uniformly wound around a polymethyl methacrylate resin sheet in two layers to produce a test sample. A blank test sample was produced in the same manner as described above, except that polyamide alone was kneaded in and extruded through an extruder into a monofilament. The surface resistivities of the test sample and the blank test sample, and those of these samples after rubbing were measured under the same measuring environment as described in Example 1. The obtained results are shown in the following Table 14.

                  TABLE 14                                                         ______________________________________                                                                   Surface                                                                        resistivity                                                             Surface                                                                               after                                                                   resistivity                                                                           rubbing                                                                 (Ω)                                                                             (Ω)                                            ______________________________________                                         Addition of block copolymer                                                                         3 × 10.sup.6                                                                      3 × 10.sup.6                               No addition of block copolymer                                                                      5 × 10.sup.15                                                                     8 × 10.sup.16                              ______________________________________                                    

It can be seen from Table 14 that the polyamide filament containing the block copolymer of the present invention does not substantially change in its surface resistivity even when the surface of the filament is rubbed, and the use of the block copolymer exhibits distinctly excellent antistatic effect. Further, even when the surface of the above modified filaments, before and after the rubbing, was washed with city water at 25° C. for 1 hour at a flow rate of 2 l/min, the above described effect of the block copolymer was not at all deteriorated. Accordingly, it was found out that the block copolymer of the present invention was effective for nylon series fibers as well.

EXAMPLE 20 (A) Production of a peroxy bond-containing polymer

Into a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged 60 parts of ethyl Cellosolve, and while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor and heating the reaction system at 75° C., a mixed solution (XXI) consisting of

    ______________________________________                                         ethyl Cellosolve          60    parts                                          polyethylene glycol monomethacrylate                                                                     30    parts                                          (trademark: Blemmer PE 350)                                                    and                                                                             ##STR41##                10    parts                                          ______________________________________                                    

was charged into the reactor in 2 hours, and a polymerization reaction was further effected for 2 hours. The resulting solution was transparent solution containing 23.0% of a peroxy bond-containing polymer and having a viscosity of 2.5 poises at 25° C.

(B) Production of a block copolymer

Into a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged in 1 hour a mixed solution (XXII) consisting of 100 parts of the ethyl Cellosolve solution containing peroxy bond-containing polymer obtained in the above described Step (A), 10 parts of N-vinyl pyrrolidone and 10 parts of vinyl acetate, and the mixed solution (XXII) was further heated at 80° C. for 7 hours while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor, to effect a block copolymerization reaction and to obtain a milk-white dispersion containing 42.5% of a block copolymer and having a viscosity of 0.8 poise at 25° C. The resulting dispersion was poured into 2 l of diethyl ether while stirring vigorously the resulting mixture, to precipitate the copolymer, and the precipitate was filtered and dried to obtain the block copolymer.

(C) Modification of the surface of a polymer material

A mixture of 100 parts of polyester resin powder and 3 parts of the block copolymer obtained in the above described Step (B) was kneaded in and extruded through an extruder into a sheet, and the sheet was further press molded into a sheet having a thickness of 0.5 mm. The sheet was free from both coloration and bleeding and had a good processability. As a blank, a sheet consisting only of polyester resin was produced. The surface resistivity and the contact angle with pure water of these two sheets were measured under the same measuring environment as described in Example 1. The obtained results are shown in the following Table 15.

                  TABLE 15                                                         ______________________________________                                                           Surface                                                                               Contact                                                                 resistivity                                                                           angle                                                                   (Ω)                                                                             (°)                                            ______________________________________                                         Addition of block copolymer                                                                        6 × 10.sup.7                                                                      48                                                No addition of block copolymer                                                                     3× 10.sup.15                                                                      80                                                ______________________________________                                    

It can be seen from Table 15 that the polyester resin sheet containing the block copolymer of the present invention is remarkably lower in the surface resistivity and in the contact angle than the blank, and the use of the block copolymer is distinctly effective for modifying the surface of a polymer material. Further, even when the surface of the above modified resin sheet was washed with city water at 25° C. for 1 hour at a flow rate of 2 l/min, the above described effect of the block copolymer was not at all deteriorated.

EXAMPLE 21 (A) Production of an azo bond-containing polymer

Into a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged 60 parts of N,N-dimethylformamide, and while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor and heating the reaction system at 75° C., a mixed solution (XXIII) consisting of

    ______________________________________                                         N,Ndimethylformamide       60    parts                                         N,Nhydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyl-                                                                          30    parts                                         trimethylammonium chloride                                                     (trademark: Blemmer QA)                                                        and                                                                             ##STR42##                 6     parts                                         ______________________________________                                    

was charged into the reactor in 2 hours, and a polymerization reaction was further effected for 3 hours. The resulting solution was a transparent solution containing 23.3% of an azo bond-containing polymer and having a viscosity of 1.8 poises at 25° C.

(B) Production of a block copolymer

In a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser, a mixed solution (XXIV) consisting of 50 parts of the N,N-dimethylformamide solution of azo bond-containing polymer obtained in the above described Step (A), 80 parts of N,N-dimethylformamide and 70 parts of methyl methacrylate was heated at 75° C. for 13 hours while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor, to effect a block copolymerization reaction and to obtain an yellow transparent solution containing 40.5% of a block copolymer and having a viscosity of 3.5 poises at 25° C.

(C) Modification of the surface of a polymer material

The solution of block copolymer obtained in the above described Step (B) was applied on an acrylic resin sheet by a bar coating so that a block copolymer film having a thickness of 10 μm would be formed after drying, and the applied solution was dried at room temperature for 2 hours and further at 60° C. for 2 hours. As a blank, an acrylic resin sheet as such was used. The surface resistivity and the contact angle with pure water of both the sample sheet and the blank were measured under the same measuring environment described in Example 1. The obtained results are shown in the following Table 16.

                  TABLE 16                                                         ______________________________________                                                          Surface    Contact                                                             resistivity                                                                               angle                                                               (Ω)  (°)                                         ______________________________________                                         Applied with block copolymer                                                                      5 × 10.sup.6                                                                          43                                             Not applied with block copolymer                                                                  >5 × 10.sup.16                                                                        80                                             ______________________________________                                    

It can be seen from Table 16 that the acrylic resin sheet applied with a film of the block copolymer of the present invention is remarkably lower than the blank in the surface resistivity and in the contact angle with pure water, and the block copolymer of the present invention is distinctly effective for modifying the surface of polymer material. Further, even when the acrylic resin sheet surface coated with a film of the block copolymer of the present invention was washed with city water at 25° C. for 1 hour at a flow rate of 2 l/min, the above described effect of the block copolymer of the present invention was not at all deteriorated.

EXAMPLE 22 (A) Production of an azo bond-containing polymer

Into a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser were charged 30 parts of N,N-dimethylformamide and 30 parts of deionized water, and while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor and heating the reaction system at 80° C., a mixed solution (XXV) consisting of

    ______________________________________                                         N,Ndimethylformamide       30    parts                                         deionized water            30    parts                                         2-methacrylamide-2-        30    parts                                         methylpropanesulfonic acid                                                     and                                                                             ##STR43##                 8     parts                                         ______________________________________                                    

was charged into the reactor in 1 hour and a polymerization reaction was further effected for 2 hours. The resulting solution was a transparent solution containing 23.0% of an azo bond-containing polymer and having a viscosity of 1.5 poises at 25° C.

(B) Production of a block copolymer

Into a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged in 1 hour a mixed solution (XXVI) consisting of 100 parts of the N,N-dimethylformamide-water solution of azo bond-containing polymer obtained in the above described Step (A), 10 parts of N-vinylpyrrolidone and 10 parts of vinyl acetate, and then the mixed solution (XXVI) was heated at 80° C. for 6 hours while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor, to effect a block copolymerization reaction and to obtain a milk-white dispersion containing 42.5% of a block copolymer and having a viscosity of 1 poise at 25° C. The resulting dispersion was poured into 2 l of diethyl ether while stirring vigorously the resulting mixture, to precipitate the copolymer, and the precipitate was filtered and dried to obtain the block copolymer.

(C) Modification of the surface of a polymer material

A mixture of 100 parts of polyester resin and 5 parts of the block copolymer obtained in the above described Step (B) was kneaded in and extruded through an extruder into a monofilament. The monofilament was uniformly wound around a polymethyl methacrylate resin sheet in two layers to produce a test sample. A blank test sample was produced in the same manner as described above, except that polyester alone was kneaded in and extruded through an extruder into a monofilament. The surface resistivity of the test sample and the blank test sample, and that of these test samples after rubbing were measured under the same measuring environment as described in Example 1. The obtained results are shown in the following Table 17.

                  TABLE 17                                                         ______________________________________                                                                   Surface                                                                        resistivity                                                             Surface                                                                               after                                                                   resistivity                                                                           rubbing                                                                 (Ω)                                                                             (Ω)                                            ______________________________________                                         Addition of block copolymer                                                                         5 × 10.sup.6                                                                      5 × 10.sup.6                               No addition of block copolymer                                                                      3 × 10.sup.15                                                                     5 × 10.sup.16                              ______________________________________                                    

It can be seen from Table 17 that the polyester filament containing the block copolymer of the present invention does not substantially change in its surface resistivity even when the surface of the filament is rubbed, and the use of the block copolymer exhibits a remarkably excellent antistatic effect. Further, even when the surface of the above modified filaments, before and after the rubbing, was washed with city water at 25° C. for 1 hour at a flow rate of 2 l/min, the above described antistatic effect of the block copolymer was not at all deteriorated.

EXAMPLE 23 (A) Production of an azo bond-containing polymer

Into a reactor equipped with a thermometer, a stirrer and a reflux condenser was charged 90 parts of N,N-dimethylformamide, and while blowing nitrogen gas into the reactor and heating the reaction system at 70° C., a mixed solution (XXVII) consisting of

    __________________________________________________________________________     N,Ndimethylformamide                      30                                                                               parts                              polyethylene glycol monomethacrylate (trademark: Blemmer PE                                                              300)                                                                             parts                              and                                                                             ##STR44##                                8 parts                              __________________________________________________________________________

was charged into the reactor in 2 hours, and a polymerization reaction was further effected at 70° C. for 2 hours. The resulting solution was a transparent solution containing 23.8% of an azo bond-containing polymer and having a viscosity of 2.8 poises at 25° C.

(B) Production of a block copolymer

Into an autoclave equipped with a thermometer and a stirrer was charged a mixed solution (XXVIII), which consisted of 50 parts of the N,N-dimethylformamide solution of azo bond-containing polymer obtained in the above described Step (A), 80 parts of methyl alcohol and 70 parts of vinyl chloride and was previously been cooled to -30° C. by a dry ice-methyl alcohol system, and then the mixed solution (XXVIII) was heated at 70° C. for 10 hours under pressure while blowing nitrogen gas into the autoclave, to effect a block copolymerization reaction and to obtain a milk-white dispersion containing 40.5% of a block copolymer and having a viscosity of 2.5 poises at 25° C. The resulting dispersion was poured into 2 l of water while stirring vigorously the resulting mixture, to precipitate the copolymer, and the precipitate was filtered and dried to obtain the block copolymer.

(C) Modification of the surface of a polymer material

A mixture of 100 parts of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber and 5 parts of the block copolymer obtained in the above described Step (B) was kneaded in a mill, and then formed into a sheet having a thickness of 1 mm. The sheet was free from both coloration and bleeding and had a good processability. As a blank, a sheet consisting only of acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber was produced. The surface resistivity of both the modified sheet and the blank and that of both sheets after rubbing were measured under the same measuring environment as described in Example 1. The obtained results are shown in the following Table 18.

                  TABLE 18                                                         ______________________________________                                                                   Surface                                                                        resistivity ' - Surface after                                           resistivity                                                                           rubbing                                                                 (Ω)                                                                             (Ω)                                            ______________________________________                                         Addition of block copolymer                                                                         8 × 10.sup.6                                                                      8 × 10.sup.6                               No addition of block copolymer                                                                      5 × 10.sup.14                                                                     8 × 10.sup.16                              ______________________________________                                    

It can be seen from Table 18 that the acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber sheet mixed with the block copolymer of the present invention does not substantially change in its surface resistivity even when the rubber surface is rubbed, and the use of the block copolymer of the present invention exhibits a remarkably excellent antistatic effect. Further, even when the surface of the modified rubbers, before and after rubbing, was washed with city water at 25° C. for 1 hour at a flow rate of 2 l/min, the above described effect of the block copolymer was not at all deteriorated.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 1

A mixture of 100 parts of the same polystyrene resin as used in Example 1 and 1 part of calcium salt of imidazoline type amphoteric surfactant was kneaded in and extruded through an extruder into a sheet, and the sheet was further press molded into a sheet having a thickness of 0.5 mm. In the resulting sheet, the coloration was little, but bleeding was observed on the sheet surface. The sheet had a surface resistivity of 2×10¹³ Ω and a contact angle of 79°. (Measuring environment is the same as described in Example 1.)

When the surface of the resin sheet was washed with city water at 25° C. for 1 hour at a flow rate of 2 l/min, the surface resistivity was increased to 3×10¹⁵ Ω and the contact angle was increased to 98°.

COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE 2

In ethyl acetate were dissolved 100 parts of the same polymethyl methacrylate resin as used in Example 2 and 1 part of lauryltrimethylammonium chloride, and a film was produced by solvent casting. In the film, there was a little coloration, and bleeding was observed on the film surface. The film had a surface resistivity of 6×10¹² Ω and a contact angle of 70°. (Measuring environment is the same as described in Example 1.) When the film surface was washed with city water at 25° C. for 1 hour at flow rate of 2 l/min, the surface resistivity was increased to 5×10¹⁵ Ω and the contact angle was increased to 85°. 

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for modifying the surface of a polymer material, comprising adding a block copolymer consisting of a polymer portion compatible with the polymer material and a hydrophilic polymer portion to the polymer material,said block copolymer having been produced through the following first and second steps, in the first step, either a vinyl monomer which forms a hydrophilic polymer, or a vinyl monomer which forms a polymer compatible with the polymer material, is polymerized in the presence of a polymeric peroxide as a polymerization initiator to produce a peroxy bond- or azo bond-containing polymer, and in the second step, either a vinyl monomer which forms a hydrophilic polymer, or a vinyl monomer which forms a polymer compatible with the polymer material, both the vinyl monomers being used in such a manner that, when a hydrophilic polymer is produced in the first step, a vinyl monomer which forms a polymer compatible with the polymer material is used in the second step, and when a polymer compatible with the polymer material is produced in the first step, a vinyl monomer which forms a hydrophilic polymer is used in the second step, is polymerized in the presence of a polymerization initiator of the peroxy bond- or azo bond-containing polymer obtained in the first step.
 2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said polymer material is a synthetic polymer material.
 3. A method according to claim 2, wherein said synthetic polymer material is resin, fiber or rubber.
 4. A method according to claim 2, wherein said synthetic polymer material is polyacrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polystyrene resin, ABS resin, styrene-butadiene resin, AS resin, polyethylene resin, polypropylene resin, chlorinated polyethylene resin, chlorinated polypropylene resin, polyamide resin, polyester resin, epoxy resin, polyphenylene oxide resin, polycarbonate resin, modified polypropylene oxide resin, polyurethane resin, nitrocellulose resin, cellulose acetate resin, ethylcellulose resin, cellulose acetate butyrate resin, cellulose acetate propionate resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate resin, urea resin, melamine resin, polyvinyl ether resin, petroleum resin, coumarone resin, indene resin, phenolic resin, acetal resin, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, chloroprene rubber, acrylic rubber, butyl rubber, polybutadiene rubber, polyisoprene rubber, ethylene-propylene-diene rubber, polyacrylic fiber, nylon fiber, polyester fiber, polyvinyl alcohol fiber, polyvinyl chloride fiber, polyvinylidene chloride fiber, polyethylene fiber, polypropylene fiber, polyurethane fiber or polyvinyl acetal fiber.
 5. A method according to claim 1, wherein said polymeric peroxide is at least one member selected from the group consisting ofa polymeric peroxide having the following general formula (I) ##STR45## wherein R₁ represents an alkylene or substituted alkylene group having 1-18 carbon atoms, a cycloalkylene or substituted cycloalkylene group having 3-15 carbon atoms, a phenylene group or a substituted phenylene group having 7-18 carbon atoms; R₂ represents an alkylene or substituted alkylene group having 2-10 carbon atoms, ##STR46## (wherein R₃ represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R₄ represents an alkylene or substituted alkylene group having 2-10 carbon atoms, and m is an integer of 1-13), ##STR47## and n is an integer of 2-20, a polymeric peroxide having the following general formula (II) ##STR48## wherein R₁ and n have the same meanings as in the general formula (I); and R₅ represents an ethylene group, a phenylene group or an acetylene group, a polymeric peroxide having the following general formula (III) ##STR49## wherein R₁ and n have the same meanings as in the general formula (I), a polymeric peroxide having the following general formula (IV) ##STR50## wherein R₁ and n have the same meanings as in the general formula (I), a polymeric peroxide having the following general formula (V) ##STR51## wherein R₁ and n have the same meanings as in the general formula (I), a polymeric peroxide having the following general formula (VI) ##STR52## wherein R₁ and n have the same meaning as in the general formula (I); R₅ has the same meaning as in the general formula (II); R₆ and R₇ represent a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; and p is an integer of 1-100, and a polymeric peroxide having the following general formula (VII) ##STR53## wherein X represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a chlorine atom; and q is an integer of 2-50.
 6. A method according to claim 1, wherein said polyazo compound is at least one member selected from the group consisting of ##STR54## wherein n is an integer of 2-20, and p is an integer of 1-100. 